Head of the Gamaleya Center Gunzburg: a nasal vaccine may also appear for other diseases Head of the Center. NF Gamalei Alexander Gintsburg allowed the creation of nasal vaccines against other infections, in which it is important to create immune protection at the level of the mucous membranes. At the same time, in an interview with TASS, he noted that there are difficulties in determining the effectiveness of vaccination with a similar method. “So far, the development of all vaccines in nasal form is constrained by the fact that it is difficult to determine the effectiveness of vaccination by some marker,” – he said, noting that only an epidemiological marker can be a marker, but it may not appear in more than one year. At the same time, vaccines that are used injections can measure the antibody titer there, thereby showing whether the vaccine is effective or not. “It is
