Vigilante. Garibaldi began his journey in the port of Taganrog coffee shop
In the middle of the XIX century Russian peasants hoped that they will be released “master of Garibaldo”, Russian fashionista wore shirt-garibaldini, and the Russian commoners went to fight under the banner of the hero who United Italy.
210 years ago, on 4 July 1807 in nice, was born a Russian national hero. So and not otherwise. The son of a poor captain of a merchant ship Domenico Garibaldi, named for Giuseppe, was revered in Russia no less than in Italy, which owes him its existence on the world map.
“His name was Giuseppe, in our opinion, Osip, and his name was Garibaldi, and he was a simple fisherman. Great he had a soul, and he saw the bitter life of his people, which defeated enemies.”Maxim Horripilating
“And he clicked on the cry across the country: “Brethren, freedom a higher and better life! Get all of the struggle with the enemy, and will fight until defeat!” And all obeyed him, because they saw that he was three times rather die than be served. All went after him and won,” — Maxim Gorky describes the moment when he first heard “this is the great and glorious name.” It happened a year before the death of Giuseppe Garibaldi.
Russian start.
By the time the main work of his life was over. Risorgimento — the reunification of Italy as a full-fledged state — lasted almost half a century. New, familiar to us from Italy boot, collected literally in pieces — from a small, but very proud of the independent regions, kingdoms, principalities and provinces, some of which, moreover, was under the power of other States. And there is every reason to believe that without the efforts of Giuseppe Garibaldi, this process could easily dragged on for another half century. Either not take place at all.
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For Garibaldi, this whole thing started, oddly enough, in Russia. He first came to us when he was only 10 years old. Young Giuseppe on the Brigantine “Constanta” came to Odessa — the mere enumeration of the names and locations sounds like an adventure novel. Which continued in April 1833, Then Giuseppe, already captain of the trading schooner “Clorinda”, appears in Taganrog with a cargo of oranges. In this city except the Russian wheat varieties, “Taganrog”, intended for collection, and then to producing the best Italian pasta, he finds a small but very close-knit community of Italians, whose base one of the port coffee shops.
The idea of “one nation — one state” was already recognized as extremist. In any case, in the fragmented and partially occupied Italy, she was real hard to pay. Much more secure seemed to hatch plans for the unification of the country somewhere far away. One option for this “away” was just Taganrog.
Weeks spent in a Russian port on the Azov sea, was enough to Garibaldi met an Italian immigrant Giovanni Battista Cuneo, imbued with his extremist ideas and joined the secret nationalist society “Young Italy” and made a solemn oath: “Not to spare life for the freedom of the Fatherland.”
“Mr. Garibaldi”.
From that moment until the famous “expedition of the Thousand” — the military campaign of Garibaldi, which was a triumph of the case of “Young Italy” — it’s been 27 years. South America, war in Italy, partisans in Austria, then fled to Britain, Tunisia, the United States — the Garibaldi path was tortuous and difficult.
And all this time it watched the whole of Russia. Watched, admired and hoped. The words “all Russia” is never an exaggeration. Aristocrats, commoners, common — Italian hero captivated everyone.
Here is what Russian writer Nikolai Dobrolyubov his namesake, the poet Nekrasov: “Garibaldi! People who don’t give head, and kept sacred their ideas! It is obvious that this man ruined his life, and must be happier than us with you.” And that’s what I heard from ordinary St. Petersburg cab Deputy Minister of state property, Senator Dmitry Khrushchev, when I was talking about how soon we expect the liberation of the Russian serfs: “No, should be soon… Is that Mr. Garibaldo do not come to help…” Prince Kropotkin, the famous theorist of anarchism, at the same time hear about the very similar: “Give the Lord the will, or it won’t — about that I do not know. But if Garibaldi will not come, nothing good will come out”.
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It came even before that the success of Garibaldi began to seriously affect the Russian women. Top among emancipated ladies came out red shirts-garibaldis. Small turn-down collar loose sleeve, narrow cuff. To carry this joy relied with a plain skirt on a crinoline and bonnet a La Garibaldi.
A toast to Russia.
However, one third-party admiration is not limited. According to various sources, only among the higher and middle commanders of ports of Garibaldi, there are more than 50 Russian. For example, the brother of the famous physiologist Ilya Mechnikov, a geographer Lev Mechnikov served as aide-de-camp to Garibaldi and was wounded at the battle of Volturno. Historian and publicist Nikolai Berg was at the detachment of Garibaldi’s war correspondent — all the news about the movements of the “expedition of the Thousand” Russia has learned first hand. And, of course, saved the wounded Garibaldi from a leg amputation Russian surgeon Nikolai Pirogov, “No, I only need one external examination. I believe that the bullet in the bone. My advice is not to hurry with removing it. You need to wait until the bullet will not become podvesnoy in your bone box, and then you can get it easily. You should only vigilantly monitor the condition of the wound and its surrounding parts. I’m ready to write about this Bulletin”.
Perfect hero who wanted nothing for himself. “People’s avenger”, which people really were ready to go through fire and water. And what is especially interesting, a little prophet. April 17, 1864 he proposed a toast, which many remember for a long time. And that is not bad to repeat now: “I raise this glass to Russia, which suffers and struggles. For a new Russia, which, after defeating the Russian Tsar, will obviously be of great importance in the fate of the world!”.